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Neurologic complications of vaccine-preventable diseases in children

James Belarde1, Michael C Granovetter, Aaron Nelson

  • 1NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|August 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Healthcare providers must prepare for the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in children due to factors like the COVID-19 pandemic. Early identification and management of neurologic complications in unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children are crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Neurology
  • Public health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, evolving health policies, and vaccine hesitancy are increasing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in children.
  • Clinicians must be prepared to identify rare VPDs and their neurological complications, especially in under-vaccinated populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To equip healthcare practitioners with the knowledge to identify and manage VPDs and their neurological sequelae in children.
  • To address the growing challenge of VPDs in the context of current public health dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on VPDs and their neurological complications.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic advances and pathophysiological understanding.

Main Results:

  • Re-emergence of previously rare or eliminated VPDs is occurring.
  • Neurological complications of VPDs can manifest acutely, subacutely, chronically, or years later.
  • Advances in diagnostics (imaging, molecular) and understanding of pathophysiology aid in early identification and management.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood vaccination programs offer significant benefits that outweigh risks for most children.
  • Clinicians need enhanced preparedness to manage VPDs and neurological complications in unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children.
  • This guide aims to support front-line and consulting clinicians in addressing these increasingly common pediatric health challenges.
Abstract

Keywords:
immunization scheduleneurologic complicationvaccine hesitancy

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