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Increasing incidence and clinical burden of paediatric type 1 diabetes in Italy: insights from a large administrative

Enza Mozzillo1, Clara Trimarchi2, Raffaella Buzzetti3

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Science, Paediatric Section, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

Acta Diabetologica
|August 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Paediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising in Italy, with increasing incidence and prevalence. Early autoimmune conditions and high healthcare use at diagnosis require better care planning.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Paediatric Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Paediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing global health issue.
  • Italian epidemiological data for paediatric T1D are fragmented.
  • Understanding T1D burden in children is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiology of paediatric T1D in Italy.
  • To assess comorbidity burden and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU).
  • To evaluate direct costs associated with paediatric T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of Italian administrative databases (approx. 12 million individuals).
  • Identification of T1D patients aged <18 years (2010-2023) using diagnostic proxies.
  • Epidemiological analysis focused on 2018-2022, assessing demographics, comorbidities, HCRU, and costs.

Main Results:

  • Identified 3,220 paediatric T1D patients.
  • T1D incidence increased by 8.1% and prevalence by 10.0% (CAGR) between 2018-2022.
  • Autoimmune comorbidities (thyroid, celiac disease) were common post-diagnosis; HCRU and pharmaceutical costs were high initially.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric T1D is expanding in Italy with early autoimmune comorbidities.
  • Significant healthcare utilization occurs at diagnosis.
  • Need for structured surveillance and coordinated care pathways for long-term management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Administrative databasesAutoimmune comorbiditiesEpidemiologyHealthcare resource utilisationPaediatric patientsType 1 diabetes

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