RapidNeuroGuide: an NLP-enhanced AI platform for digital headache triage and clinical decision support

Headache is among the most frequent presenting complaints in emergency departments worldwide, yet differentiating life-threatening secondary causes from benign primary headaches remains a persistent clinical challenge.

This study describes Phase I of the RapidNeuroGuide development roadmap, comprising the development and an initial literature-derived technical proof-of-concept evaluation of a three-layer AI-driven headache triage engine that integrates critical threshold detection, SNNOOP10 red-flag scoring, and expert-weighted risk assessment.

A total of 240 PubMed-indexed headache articles were screened, and 121 full-text documents were acquired from legally accessible sources. The S-PubMedBERT-MS-MARCO sentence-transformer model was used to identify clinically relevant sentences, which were mapped to 23 structured clinical fields using a deterministic terminology dictionary comprising 103 expressions. The resulting 158 curated, literature-derived case representations constituted the proof-of-concept evaluation dataset.

Exact agreement with the predefined reference triage classification was observed in 110 of 158 case representations (69.6%), while 157 cases (99.4%) were assigned within one adjacent triage category. One case (0.6%) differed by more than one category. All 47 case representations carrying a predefined CRITICAL reference classification were assigned to the CRITICAL category within the evaluated dataset. The NLP pipeline produced usable structured parameter sets for 114 of 119 machine-readable documents (95.8%), with a mean cosine similarity of 0.878 across 570 retained sentences.

RapidNeuroGuide demonstrated preliminary technical feasibility and measurable agreement with predefined reference triage categories in this Phase I proof-of-concept evaluation.