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Rhabdomyolysis in a 10-month-old child: A case report and literature review

Hui Shao1, Na Wang

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China.

Medicine
|August 22, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric rhabdomyolysis (RM) can present atypically. Prompt diagnosis of RM in children, even without classic symptoms, and supportive care are vital for preventing acute renal failure (ARF) and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Clinical Case Study
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Rhabdomyolysis (RM) in children requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent acute renal failure (ARF).
  • Clinical manifestations of pediatric RM, especially in infants, are often atypical, posing diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the recognition of rhabdomyolysis (RM) in pediatric patients.
  • To analyze a specific clinical case of atypical RM in an infant.
  • To review literature on the diagnosis and management of pediatric RM.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 10-month-old girl presenting with fever, cough, and rash, but lacking typical RM symptoms.
  • Diagnosis of RM was confirmed by significantly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels.
  • Treatment included symptomatic and supportive care, urine alkalization, and immunomodulatory agents.

Main Results:

  • The patient recovered fully within 13 days, with resolution of symptoms and normalization of laboratory parameters.
  • Follow-up showed no recurrence of RM or development of ARF.
  • Serum CK and myoglobin levels significantly decreased to normal ranges.

Conclusions:

  • Improved recognition of rhabdomyolysis (RM) in children is necessary.
  • Clinicians should suspect RM in pediatric patients with atypical symptoms and markedly elevated serum CK levels.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt fluid resuscitation are crucial for preventing ARF and improving prognosis in pediatric RM.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycreatine kinasediagnosisinfantrhabdomyolysis

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