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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
Published on: September 11, 2016
Enterovirus infections in children
Xiangpeng Chen1, Lingyun Guo2, Xiaobo Lei3,4
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Core Technologies for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Children Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU016, Laboratory of Infection and Virology Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children's Health Beijing China.
None:
Enteroviruses (EVs), which include numerous types, are among the most common pathogens causing infections in children. EVs can cause diverse diseases, including herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Severe cases may result in pediatric mortality, posing substantial threats to child health and public health. The diversity of EV types combined with rapid viral evolution and antigenic variation presents formidable challenges for EV prevention and control, with dominant genotypes being continuously replaced by emerging variants and novel subtypes. EV invades host cells through specific receptors and hijacks cellular machinery for self-replication, engaging in complex interactions with the host while evolving multiple mechanisms to evade host immune responses. Currently, no specific anti-EV agents are available, and treatment remains primarily supportive and symptomatic. Effective prevention and control strategies for EV are limited, and vaccines are currently available only against selected EV serotypes. This review systematically examines EV infections from multiple perspectives, including epidemiology, virology, viral entry mechanisms, virus-host interactions, clinical diagnosis and management, prevention and control measures, with the aim of providing insights and references for research on EV pathogenesis, precision clinical diagnosis and treatment, and the development of antiviral therapies and vaccines.
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