Morphometric Evaluation of the Human Scapula According to Sexes in a Southeastern Brazilian Population

Human bones exhibit sexual dimorphism, and male and female characteristics are expressed through morphological and metric differences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the human scapula using morphometric methods, comparing the sexes and antimers in a southeastern Brazilian population. The sample included 88 scapulae, 48 from males and 40 from females. Six measurements were taken on each scapula. The morphometric values were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The analysis of continuous variables comparing the different sexes (male vs. female) and antimers (left and right) with two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test demonstrated statistically significant differences between sexes for most of the evaluated scapular measurements, with higher values consistently observed in male scapulae. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were identified between the right and left antimers within the same sex. The only parameter that did not show significance between the sexes was the maximum width of the acromion process (MWAP). In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that the morphometric measurements of human scapulae from a southeastern Brazilian population demonstrate evident differences between sexes, while maintaining bilateral similarity between antimers within each sex.