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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
Published on: June 20, 2014
Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Cascade Cyclization with Carboxylic Anhydrides to Access CF2H/CF2Cl-Substituted Indolo-
Pingping Liang1,2,3, Tianming Liu1, Yuxuan Liu1,2,3
1State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou350002, China.
Abstract:
An efficient photocatalytic protocol for difluoro- and chlorodifluoromethyl radical-triggered cyclization of alkenyl-tethered 2-aryl indoles/benzimidazoles was developed using commercially available, low-cost carboxylic anhydrides as CF2H/CF2Cl sources and simple acetoxime as the activating reagent. This reaction engages free C3-H indole substrates that were previously challenging. It features broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance, delivering more than 50 examples of high-value CF2H/CF2Cl-containing indolo- and benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones in good yields.
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