Recovery through performance: A virtual drama therapy program for clubhouse members with serious mental illness

Despite advancements in psychiatry, individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder, experience long-term and severe impairment in their social and occupational functioning, low rates of recovery, and mortality rates significantly higher than the general population. Current therapeutic and pharmacological treatments are vital but limited in their efficacy, highlighting a need for adjunctive recovery-oriented approaches, such as arts-based interventions. However, the impact of drama therapy on mental health recovery for individuals with SMI remains not well understood. Our pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual drama therapy program using the Co-active Therapeutic Theater Model in individuals with SMI who are members of a local clubhouse. Across three iterations, a total of 23 participants participated in a 12-week drama therapy program on Zoom that included an online performance open to the public, centered on a theme developed by the participants across weekly sessions. Quantitative rating scales were administered before and after the program to assess changes in psychiatric symptoms, perceived stress, quality of life, creative immersion, and social connectedness. Focus groups were conducted one week after the final performance. Quantitative results were overall non-significant. Qualitative results indicated that the program enhanced self-esteem and fostered a sense of connection among participants and with the broader clubhouse community. Our findings support the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual drama therapy program for patients with SMI and suggest potential benefits of implementing such a program in a clubhouse setting.