Multidimensional Research Progress of Ganoderma Lucidum Active Components in Regulating Skin Homeostasis

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a precious traditional Chinese medicinal herb belonging to the Polyporaceae family of fungi, exhibits remarkable pharmacological efficacy. Its main bioactive components include Ganoderma polysaccharides, triterpenoids, amino acids, etc. These substances endow the fungus with diverse functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, skin barrier repair-promoting, and skin microbiota-regulating activities via multi-target effects, providing a natural candidate strategy for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of diseases associated with skin homeostasis imbalance. As the body's principal barrier tissue, the skin's homeostatic maintenance is essential for defense against external insults and the promotion of cutaneous health. The interplay of endogenous and exogenous factors, including genetic background, oxidative stress (OS), and ultraviolet radiation, tends to disrupt this dynamic balance and induce various skin disorders. In recent years, with increasing public attention to skin health, the application of natural Chinese herbal ingredients such as G. lucidum in the field of skin health has attracted extensive interest. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the multi-component synergistic regulation of cutaneous homeostasis by G. lucidum remain incompletely elucidated, and clinical translational research requires further intensification. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics, extraction processes, and biological properties of the main bioactive components of G. lucidum, deeply explains its regulatory mechanism for repairing skin homeostasis from four dimensions, and compares the differences in action targets and efficacy of different active components, thereby providing a theoretical reference for the development of skincare products containing G. lucidum ingredients and the clinical treatment of skin diseases.