[Advances in the study of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins in ocular diseases]

In recent years, increased attention has been payed to the immune regulatory mechanisms underlying ocular diseases, which has gradually challenged the traditional perception of the eye as an "immune-privileged" organ. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), a family of glycan-recognizing receptors predominantly expressed on immune cells, are broadly involved in immune cell recognition, activation, and the regulation of inflammatory responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the expression profiles and functional roles of Siglecs in allergic, autoimmune, and degenerative ocular disorders, evaluating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. These findings are expected to enhance our understanding of the immunopathology of ocular diseases and contribute to the development of novel strategies in precision intervention.