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Global Burden of Fungal Skin Diseases 1990-2023: Prevalence Trends, Regional Disparities, and Future Projections
1School of Nursing, Guiyang Kangyang University, Guiyang City, China, skinwy@163.com.
Introduction:
Fungal skin diseases are common worldwide, yet a systematic global burden assessment has been lacking. This study aimed to analyze the global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases and their trends from 1990 to 2023 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study.
Methods:
Data on prevalent cases, age-standardized prevalence rates (ASRs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were extracted for 204 countries and territories, grouped by Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Projected trends for age-standardized DALY rates from 2024 to 2035 were also analyzed using the GBD forecasting framework.
Results:
Global prevalent cases increased from 266.5 million in 1990 to 351.8 million in 2023 (+32%), while the global ASR remained stable (EAPC = 0.03). However, projections indicate that the age-standardized DALY rate will rise from 25.79 per 100,000 in 2023 to 26.96 per 100,000 in 2035, signaling a potential turning point. Low SDI regions had the highest case growth (+77%) and prevalence (8,060.14/100,000). High SDI regions saw a 4% case decrease and the largest ASR decline (EAPC = -0.77). The Caribbean was the only region with a significant ASR increase (EAPC = 0.79). Sub-Saharan Africa and the Persian Gulf showed rising cases but declining ASRs, suggesting population growth and migration as primary drivers.
Conclusion:
The global increase in fungal skin disease cases is driven primarily by population growth and aging rather than rising prevalence. Significant health inequalities exist, with low SDI regions and the Caribbean requiring priority attention. Projected increases in DALY rates warrant enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions in high-burden areas.
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