Recent Advances in Dual Palladium Photoredox Catalysis

Dual palladium/photoredox catalysis has emerged as a versatile platform for constructing complex molecular architectures. These systems enable a broad range of transformations by integrating palladium's well-established roles in C─H activation and cross-coupling with the single-electron transfer capabilities of photocatalysts. Recent developments (2022-2026) in dual Pd/photoredox catalysis, from a mechanistic standpoint, reveal two interconnected activation pathways: conventional Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycles and photoredox-driven radical generation. This review focuses on mechanistic insights governing atom- and radical-transfer processes, encompassing diverse transformations such as C─C and C─X bond formation as well as late-stage functionalization. Furthermore, it provides a conceptual framework that distinguishes dual Pd/photoredox catalysis from traditional palladium-only or photocatalytic approaches by analyzing the interplay between these two catalytic regimes.