Shorter X-ray refractive lens design: a large-aperture single-lens dual-focus kinoform lens based on an oval curved...

At synchrotron radiation facilities, X-ray focusing elements play a crucial role. To solve the absorption problem caused by X-rays through the lens, Aristov and co-workers [Aristov, Grigoriev, Kuznetsov, Shabelnikov, Yunkin, Weitkamp, Rau, Snigireva, Snigirev, Hoffmann & Voges (2000), Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 4058-4060] proposed the structure of the kinoform lens and fabricated it, greatly reducing the absorption of X-rays by the lens. However, the absorption of the kinoform lens remains substantial and the lens is very long. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel kinoform lens optimized through an oval surface profile for its stepped structure and evaluates the lens performance using the beam propagation method.