Recurrent synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder treated with osteochondral allograft transplantation

This case concerns synovial chondromatosis, which is an uncommon and benign joint disorder marked by intra-articular cartilaginous nodules. It predominantly affects males, with the knee most involved while shoulder involvement is uncommon. Arthroscopy remains the primary treatment for synovial chondromatosis; however, osteochondral allograft transplantation (OAT) is emerging as a valuable option, particularly in recurrent cases. Because shoulder synovial chondromatosis is rare, evidence regarding long-term outcomes remains limited, making optimal management uncertain.We report a case of a woman in her early 20s with recurrent right shoulder synovial chondromatosis and progressive humeral head erosion following two arthroscopic procedures. This case highlights the role of OAT in structurally compromised glenohumeral joints as arthroscopy alone was insufficient. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, 12 months and 2 years demonstrated progressive clinical improvement, with the patient achieving near full range of motion by 3 months and full function by 12 months. Imaging at each stage confirmed satisfactory graft integration and healing.