Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 27, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Published on: January 7, 2018
Insulin Resistance-Adiposity Burden and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Across Glycaemic Transitions in Prediabetes:
Huimin Cai1, Yi Fu2, Fangge Zhu2
1Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.
Aims:
To examine whether insulin resistance (IR), assessed by cumulative triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-derived indices and change patterns, stratifies incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after glycaemic transition in adults with prediabetes.
Materials And Methods:
Data were obtained from 1468 participants with prediabetes in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Glycaemic transition and TyG-derived indices were assessed from Wave 1 to Wave 3. Indices included TyG, TyG-ABSI (a body shape index), TyG-BRI (body roundness index), TyG-CVAI (Chinese visceral adiposity index) and TyG-WWI (weight-adjusted waist index). Cumulative indices summarised measurements across Waves 1 and 3 and exploratory k-means clustering identified broad two-wave exposure patterns. Incident CVD was assessed from Waves 3 to 5. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results:
During a median 5.0-year follow-up, 294 CVD events occurred. Compared with persistent prediabetes, reversion to normoglycaemia was not associated with lower CVD risk (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.72-1.31), whereas progression to diabetes was associated with higher risk (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14-2.07). In joint analyses, reversion with low cumulative indices was not associated with increased CVD risk, whereas reversion with high indices was significantly associated with elevated risk for most indices (HRs 1.55-2.05). Among participants who reverted to normoglycaemia, high cumulative TyG-derived indices were significantly associated with higher CVD risk (adjusted HRs 1.89-2.52; all p < 0.05). Change-pattern analyses were concordant.
Conclusions:
Glycaemic transition status did not fully stratify subsequent CVD risk. Cumulative TyG-related measures further stratified CVD risk across glycaemic transition groups, including among participants who reverted to normoglycaemia.
Related Concept Videos
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...