Significance of Cardiac Troponin in Cancer Patients

Recent advances in oncological therapies have significantly improved cancer survival rates. However, these therapies have also led to an increased risk of cardiovascular alterations. Cardiac troponin, which is well-known for its role in diagnosing myocardial damage, is gaining recognition as a biomarker in the field of cardio-oncology. Despite its clinical value, differential diagnosis remains challenging, as troponin levels can increase in numerous scenarios, particularly in cardio-oncology. While the most recognized cause is the cardiotoxicity associated with cancer therapy, malignant tumors may also directly impact the myocardium. Furthermore, different cardiac troponins, such as troponins T and I, may have distinct biomarker roles, adding to diagnostic complexity. This review aims to summarize the pathological conditions that cause elevated serum cardiac troponin levels in patients with malignancies. We explore the underlying mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels and discuss potential clinical applications. We also highlight existing gaps in the current evidence and outline future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.