[Sarcopenia: diagnosis, clinical implications, and treatment]

Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by loss of muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance. Its clinical relevance is increasing with population ageing. According to the revised consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), muscle strength is central to diagnosis. The Sarcopenia Screening Questionnaire (SARC-F) and handgrip strength are suitable screening tools, while muscle mass assessed by dual-energy X‑ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis and functional tests support confirmation and severity grading. Biomarkers may complement risk stratification but do not replace functional assessment. Progressive resistance training is the most effective intervention, supported by protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight per day and correction of vitamin D deficiency. No specific pharmacological treatment is currently approved. Prevention includes regular physical activity, adequate nutrition, treatment of comorbidities, and early mobilisation. Sarcopenia is common, prognostically relevant, and treatable when recognised early.