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Updated: Aug 28, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
Published on: May 30, 2025
For Weight Loss: Why Do GLP-1 Agonists Work, and How Can We Make Them Work Better?
Charlise Giang1,2, Jieyi Meng1, Mahmoud Ali Mohammad1
1USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have revolutionized the management of not only type 2 diabetes but also obesity. However, even with rapid therapeutic advances in GLP-1RAs, questions regarding the fundamental principles of GLP-1-mediated weight loss and the enhanced efficacy of next-generation therapies remain. In this comprehensive review article, we first examine the milestones of GLP-1, from its initial discovery and biological characterization to its successful translation into clinical therapy. Furthermore, this review highlights the latest clinical trial data, specifically HbA1c reduction, weight-loss efficacy, and safety profiles, while exploring current pipelines of major pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, we delineate the mechanistic principles underlying the efficacy of GLP-1 single- and multi-receptor agonists and address challenges in mitigating side effects of GLP-1RAs. Finally, we analyze the rapidly evolving landscape of next-generation, incretin-based combination therapies. With an abundance of GLP-1- related therapies already available or in development, we assess how future GLP-1 multi-receptor agonists can achieve enhanced efficacy and how leveraging weight-loss biology, such as set-point theory, can improve therapeutic outcomes.
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