Unraveling the Intertwined Networks of Potato Tuberization: From Epitranscriptomic Signaling to Metabolic...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization is a complex developmental transition in which a subterranean stolon is converted into a starch-accumulating tuber. This process is governed by long-distance systemic signals, local hormonal dynamics, and extensive metabolic reprogramming. Recent advances have extended our understanding beyond the classical photoperiodic model, revealing the importance of chromatin remodeling, mRNA N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) epitranscriptomic modifications, and a developmentally regulated shift in phloem unloading pathways. Here, we synthesize these multilayered regulatory networks into an integrated framework. We also examine the thermosensitivity of the mobile tuberigen signal under climate warming, assess the genetic challenges imposed by autotetraploidy and gene dosage, and discuss recent progress in diploid hybrid breeding strategies. In addition, we highlight emerging evidence for the roles of mechanoperception and rhizosphere microbiota as previously overlooked modulators of tuberization. Finally, we outline how these fundamental insights can be translated into breeding pipelines, with a focus on genome editing of cis-regulatory elements and the design of F1 hybrid cultivars. This review provides a conceptual roadmap for engineering climate-resilient, high-yielding potato cultivars to support global food security.