The Impact of Telenursing on Patients With Myocardial Infarction Based on a Self-Care Program: A Randomized Clinical...

Self-care and medication adherence are key factors in the management of patients with myocardial infarction (MI), but many patients face challenges in these areas and require novel care approaches. This study, based on a self-care program, aimed to determine the effect of telenursing on self-efficacy and adherence to medication in patients with MI.

This study was a randomized clinical trial with two intervention and control groups. Sixty-two patients with MI were randomly assigned. The intervention group received an in-person session (30-60 min), telephone follow-up (8 calls in a month), and educational text messages, and the control group received routine care only.The research tools included the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) for cognitive screening and specific questionnaires administered before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA by SPSS version 26.

At the posttest measurement, results of the ANCOVA showed significantly higher self-efficacy scores for the intervention group compared to the control group after adjusting for the pretest scores (F_(1,52) = 67.31, p < 0.001, η² _P = 0.564). A similar result was obtained for medication adherence (F(1, 52) = 77.39, p < 0.001, η² _P = 0.598). The effect sizes, calculated using partial eta squared, were 0.564 and 0.598, which are considered to be large.

Telenursing based on a self-care program significantly increases self-efficacy and medication adherence in MI patients, and it is recommended that telenursing programs be expanded in healthcare systems to promote self-care and medication adherence.

https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/user/trial/76806/view. IrCTR registry, IRCT20240416061511N1/Registration Date: 2024-05-23.