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Risk of Extraintestinal Solid Organ Malignancy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched
Aakash Desai1, Rishi Chowdhary2, Himsikhar Khataniar3
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA, akdesai03@gmail.com.
Introduction:
There is limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of thyroid, kidney, and prostate cancers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using the US Collaborative Network comparing the risk of thyroid, kidney, and prostate cancer in IBD compared to non-IBD (control) cohort. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed for demographics and comorbid conditions. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for each cancer.
Results:
There were 200,280 matched pairs in the IBD and control cohorts (mean age 43.7 ± 19.5 years, 46.1% male, 76% white). Compared with non-IBD controls, patients with IBD had increased odds of thyroid cancer (aOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.59), kidney cancer (aOR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.54), and prostate cancer (aOR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.29-1.51). These associations were generally consistent across IBD subtypes and sex strata. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed for each cancer. Patients with IBD aged 18-39 years had increased odds of thyroid cancer (aOR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08-1.84), but not kidney or prostate cancer, compared with controls. Long-term systemic steroid use was associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29-2.36) and kidney cancer (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.87), while type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were associated with increased risk of all three cancers in the IBD cohort.
Conclusion:
In this focused analysis of selected extraintestinal solid organ malignancies, IBD was associated with increased risk of thyroid, kidney, and prostate cancer. These findings support further research into cancer-specific mechanisms, surveillance patterns, and risk stratification in patients with IBD.
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