[Paroxysmal dyskinesias in pediatrics: diagnostic route and treatment]

Paroxysmal movement disorders comprise a heterogeneous group of entities characterized by recurrent, self-limited episodes of abnormal movements. They are mainly divided into paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) and episodic ataxias, and typically begin in childhood or adolescence, with a tendency to improve in adulthood. The most widely used clinical classification of PxD is based on triggering factors and includes paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), and exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED). There is marked genotype-phenotype overlap, which limits the usefulness of rigid classifications. Diagnosis relies on a detailed clinical history and the use of genetic studies. Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Prognosis is generally favorable, although it varies according to the underlying etiology.