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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
Published on: September 12, 2020
[Pharmacologic treatment of dystonia]
Alonso Zea Vera1, Graciela Del Pilar Guerrero Ruiz2
1División de Neurología, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract:
Dystonia is a significant cause of morbidity and disability in children. Treatment aims to improve function, reduce pain and disability, and enhance the child's quality of life. This review describes the most used pharmacological options for treating persistent dystonia. The main medications used to treat dystonia include anticholinergics, baclofen, and benzodiazepines. Botulinum toxin is also effective, particularly in focal dystonias. Other drugs such as levodopa, gabapentin, clonidine, and vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitors are also frequently used. The most common adverse effects are discussed. Medication selection should consider etiology, subtype of dystonia, potential adverse effects, and associated comorbidities.
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