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A Three-Step Synthesis of Squalene from trans, trans-Farnesol
Marcel Achtenhagen1, Thomas Silldorff2, Kit H B Foster2
1Avantor, Inc., 77 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States.
Abstract:
A three-step synthesis of squalene (1), the universal precursor of sterols, an adjuvant for vaccines, and a component of cosmetics, has been achieved from plant-derived trans, trans-farnesol (2) and 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (3). The successful strategy described herein features an end-to-end pairing of farnesyl radicals formed in one laboratory operation from bis-farnesylamine (6) and Levin's anomeric amide (7). This concise synthesis provides squalene in 99.8% purity after purification of the derived thiourea clathrate, following the procedure of Nicolaides and Laves.
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