Recent advancement in inflammatory biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis and therapy

Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the fourth most prevalent malignancy among women. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant contributor to CC in economically disadvantaged nations. The incidence of CC may be significantly reduced by preventive measures, and early detection is strongly associated with improved survival rates. CC presents a substantial danger to women in low- and middle-income countries who often have severe and untreatable sicknesses due to limited resources.

Inflammatory markers, such as platelet count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and IL-6 tumoral expression, indicate a worse likelihood of survival in individuals with CC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been linked to an increased risk of CC. Cytokines such as IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 may serve as biomarkers for CC. The prognosis of CC may also be influenced by DNA methylation. Immune cells possess a unique ability to combat tumors, and their interactions with tumor growth and invasion significantly impact prognosis and treatment. Genetic biomarkers, such as circulating cell-free or cellular DNA, RNA, SNPs, and epigenetic biomarkers like microRNA and DNA methylation, have the potential to forecast the likelihood of developing a disease. Protein and cell biomarkers, such as cytokines, hormones, and enzymes, have the potential to detect cancer at an early stage and provide accurate diagnosis and prognosis.

This review focuses on evaluating several inflammatory biomarkers with potential use in diagnosing and targeting specific therapeutic interventions for the successful treatment of CC, highlighting the attractive prospects of their medicinal utilization.