Metabolic disorders and osteoarthritis: novel insights into pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Metabolic disorders and osteoarthritis (OA) are chronic noncommunicable diseases with high global prevalence. Accumulating evidence underscores a strong association between metabolic illnesses and the onset and progression of the OA. This review systematically summarizes the current insights and mechanisms between metabolic disorders (obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and gut microbiota dysbiosis) and OA from both epidemiology and molecular biology perspectives. Furthermore, we comprehensively elaborate on the latest therapeutic strategies for metabolic disease-related OA, emphasizing chronic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as core pathophysiological bridges. Collectively, this review provides a theoretical and translational overview for the precise management of metabolic-related OA to facilitate new discoveries in chronic disease comorbidity prevention.