Simulation of pH-Dependent, Loop-Based Membrane Protein Gating Using Pretzel

Bacterial porins often exhibit ion conductance and gating behavior, which can be modulated by pH. However, the underlying control mechanism of gating is often complex, and direct inspection of the protein structure is generally insufficient for full mechanistic understanding. Here we describe Pretzel, a computational framework that can effectively model loop-based gating events in membrane proteins. Our method combines Monte Carlo conformational sampling, structure clustering, ensemble energy evaluation, and a topological gating criterion to model the equilibrium gating state under the pH environment of interest. We discuss details of applying Pretzel to the porin Outer membrane protein G (OmpG).