Association between serum Total Antioxidant Status, Malondialdehyde and Coronary Artery Disease severity: A...

Reduced Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and elevated Malondialdehyde (MDA) reflect redox imbalance in coronary artery disease (CAD). Their inverse relationship may help assess cardiovascular risk and disease progression.

To evaluate the association between serum TAS, MDA and the severity of coronary artery damage in CAD patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital.

Serum TAS showed no significant differences by number of stenotic vessels or lesion sites (p > 0.05). TAS was slightly higher in single-vessel disease (1.15 ± 0.38 mmol/L) than in two-vessel (1.08 ± 0.19) and ≥3-vessel groups (1.09 ± 0.18), without statistical significance (p = 0.721). A significant difference was observed only in the right coronary artery (RCA), where TAS peaked in moderate stenosis and decreased in severe stenosis (p = 0.039). In contrast, MDA increased significantly with disease extent: 255.25 ± 48.43 nmol/mL (1-vessel), 281.30 ± 62.56 (2-vessel), and 317.06 ± 54.53 (≥3-vessel) (p = 0.001). MDA also rose markedly with SYNTAX score (low: 239.98 ± 40.96; medium: 271.49 ± 46.53; high: 392.62 ± 90.85 nmol/mL; p < 0.001). ROC analysis showed good diagnostic performance (AUC up to 0.895). TAS did not differ across SYNTAX groups (p = 0.857).

TAS is not associated with CAD severity, whereas MDA strongly correlates with disease extent and complexity. MDA may serve as a useful biomarker for oxidative stress and risk stratification in CAD.