Evaluating surgical success and complication profiles after augmentation cystoplasty in a mixed-age cohort: A...

Augmentation cystoplasty is a common procedure in managing bladder dysfunction among mixed-age cohort. However, data on its functional results and associated morbidity from specialist centers are scarce.

To evaluate surgical outcomes, functional results, and complications of augmented cystoplasty surgery, especially in terms of bladder capacity, stability of renal function, short & complications during available follow-up.

This was retrospective cohort study where all patients undergoing an augmentation cystoplasty procedure at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore, from June 2023 to May-2025 included in study. Baseline demographics to clinical outcomes noted from patients' medical-records and evaluated based on change in bladder capacity, serum creatinine, and postoperative complications following Clavien Dindo Scale. Secondary-outcomes: continence status, reoperative procedures, and hospital-stay.

Seventy-six patients were studied with a mean age: 29.44 ± 15.07 years (range: 4-66) with a predominance of males consisting of 58 patients (76.3%) of mixed-age cohort. Predominant indication for undergoing this surgery was neurogenic bladder in 46 patients (60.5%). The majority of patients 74(97.4%), underwent ileal augmentation procedures, and only two (2.6%) underwent autoaugmentation procedures. Bladder capacity increased significantly post-operatively with a median of 500 mL as compared to a preoperative median of 130 mL(IQR: 60-130) (p < 0.001) and a postoperative stable serum creatinine with p > 0.535. Early postoperative complications occurring within 30 days after surgery were observed in seven patients (9.2%). During available postoperative follow-up period (3-4 weeks), complications requiring additional intervention were uncommon, occurring in 3.9% of patients. At available postoperative follow-up assessment, adequate bladder capacity and social continence were achieved in 75 patients (98.7%), while stable serum creatinine levels were observed in 74 patients (97.4%).

Augmentation cystoplasty was associated with significant improvement in bladder capacity and stable renal parameters during the available follow-up period in this mixed-age cohort. However, longer follow-up with objective urodynamic and renal assessment is required.