Mechanochemistry: From Classical Grinding to Modern and Scalable Process Technologies

Mechanochemistry, the study of how mechanical energy drives chemical transformations, has rapidly evolved into a powerful and influential discipline at the intersection of chemistry and materials science. This article provides an integrated and critical overview of recent advances in mechanochemical methodologies within organic and inorganic chemistry, while also examining the challenges and opportunities that accompany this emerging technology. Mechanochemistry represents a promising and evolving field, though it still requires careful approaches to address challenges in scalability, mechanistic understanding, and technological implementation. Continued innovation in instrumentation, process design, and theoretical modelling will be essential for unlocking the full potential of mechanically driven chemistry. As global interest in sustainable, energy-efficient chemical processes intensifies, mechanochemistry is poised to play an increasingly prominent role, offering one of the most compelling pathways toward greener synthesis. This review is designed not only to serve as a resource encompassing a broad spectrum of literature, but also as a practical guide for researchers seeking to advance and expand the mechanochemical landscape.