Therapeutic Potential and Toxicological Impact of Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites in Adult Zebra Fish

Fabricated graphene quantum dots (FQD) are popularly used in biomedical applications, as well as for biosensing, drug administration, and anticancer therapy. Despite the promising biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots, their long-term biocompatibility and toxicological safety remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a bioenhanced FQD nanocomposite and evaluate its biocompatibility, wound healing potential, and toxicity using in vitro endothelial cells and adult zebrafish models. In silico molecular docking confirmed favourable binding to the wound healing target protein (-3.526 kcal/mol), supporting the therapeutic potential of FQDs. The toxicity and safety of employing these materials, however, must be further evaluated due to their unfavourable side effects. The primary goal of the current investigation was to examine in adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) the toxicities and wound-healing capacity of FQD. Cytotoxicity and scratch wound migratory assay demonstrated significant result with the concentration of 5 µg/ ml. The live model was exposed to different sample concentrations ranging from 1 to 25 µg/mL for the evaluation period of 14 days to examine the samples chronic effects. The acute toxicity in vital organs was examined and the result demonstrates defined morphology of cardiomyocytes, normal distribution of hepatocytes, densely packed parenchymal architecture of pancreatic artery and uniformly distributed neuronal cells. Up to the concentration of 5 µg results were closer to control groups with nil mortality. The end of 48 h observation concentration dependent efficacy was observed closer to control groups for exhibiting excellent wound healing percentage.