Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 31, 2026
Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training
Published on: July 27, 2022
Comparative effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Qian Liu1, Zongyin Xu2, Xiudong Shao3
1School of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China.
Background:
Schools provide important opportunities for promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and adolescents. However, the comparative effectiveness of different school-based physical activity intervention strategies remains unclear. This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the effects of different school-based physical activity interventions on MVPA in children and adolescents.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to 8 May 2026, with no language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomized controlled trials (cluster-RCTs) of school-based physical activity interventions in children and adolescents were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Random-effects pairwise meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework.
Results:
A total of 41 studies were included in the systematic review, and 29 were included in the network meta-analysis. Compared with the control condition, PE/curriculum-focused interventions were associated with higher MVPA (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.35), as were whole-school interventions (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.34). Additional physical activity opportunities beyond the regular curriculum showed no clear effect on MVPA (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.18). Certainty of evidence was moderate for PE/curriculum-focused and whole-school interventions and low for additional physical activity opportunities.
Conclusions:
School-based physical activity interventions showed strategy-specific effects on MVPA among children and adolescents. Current evidence suggests that PE/curriculum-focused and whole-school interventions are associated with small but potentially meaningful improvements in MVPA, whereas the effects of additional PA opportunities beyond the regular curriculum remain uncertain.
Trial Registration:
PROSPERO, CRD420261388278.
