[Day-case management of minimally invasive liver resection: a path construction from concept to reality]

With the convergence of minimally invasive surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery, day-case surgery minimally invasive liver resection (DCS-MILR) has emerged as a potential care model. Available evidence, derived predominantly from single-center retrospective case series and supplemented by database analyses, suggests that DCS-MILR may be feasible and achieve acceptable short-term safety outcomes in carefully selected patients when supported by experienced surgical teams and standardized perioperative care. It may also shorten hospital stay and provide potential health-economic benefits. However, the evidence remains limited by selection bias, heterogeneous definitions, insufficient follow-up, and a lack of prospective controlled studies. This review summarizes the available evidence and its limitations, identifies major risks including postoperative nausea and vomiting, inadequate pain control, and gaps in surveillance for delayed complications, and proposes an implementation pathway incorporating multidimensional eligibility assessment, standardized perioperative management, structured risk-stratified follow-up, and expedited access to emergency reassessment. This framework is intended to reduce post-discharge safety risks and support the stepwise implementation of DCS-MILR in appropriately resourced centers.