[Anatomical variations of peripancreatic veins and surgical strategies]

The pancreas is deeply located anatomically and adjacent to important blood vessels, making pancreatic surgery technically challenging and high-risk. As an important tributary of the portal vein, the peripancreatic venous system exhibits complex and diverse anatomical variations. These variations are key factors leading to intraoperative vascular injury and postoperative complications. Currently, the clinical understanding of venous variations in this region remains insufficient, with a lack of targeted surgical strategy guidance. Based on existing anatomical and imaging studies, this article systematically analyzes the variation types and clinical impacts of structures such as the superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, left gastric vein, Henle trunk, pancreaticoduodenal vein and jejunal vein. It focuses on discussing preoperative evaluation methods and intraoperative management strategies, aiming to provide a reference for improving the precision and safety of pancreatic surgery.