Fabrication, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Bioactive Glass-Doped Biodegradable Bilayer Polymeric Dental...

Barrier membranes are used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) to prevent the migration of fibroblastic cells into the alveolar bone defects and to ensure the regeneration of bone tissue. The regeneration capabilities of alveolar bone tissue and connective tissue are different, so the niche required by the tissues must also meet this need. In this study, a bilayer synthetic polymeric barrier membrane containing 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) was prepared by the electrospinning method to provide regeneration of both tissues. A fibrous layer was fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing 3% BG for the soft tissue interface, and a second fibrous layer was fabricated on top of this layer using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blend polymers containing 10% BG for the hard tissue interface. It has been demonstrated that bilayer nanofiber membranes show suitable mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties for using GBR applications, as well as high bioactivity and suitable bioresorbable properties. In vitro and in vivo animal study biological assays have demonstrated that nanofibrous multilayer dental membranes are highly biocompatible with fibroblast and bone cells, accelerate cell proliferation, and increase cell adhesion to the membranes. It has been demonstrated that the designed bioactive bilayer nanofiber membranes can meet the requirements for use as a support material in GBR applications in dentistry.