Chronic Kidney Disease Care in Saudi Arabia: Challenges, and Future Directions Under Vision 2030 (A Systematic Review...

The increasing healthcare burden from kidney disease which includes chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) demonstrates how diabetes and hypertension have become major health concerns for the Saudi Arabian population. The review examines Saudi Vision 2030 through its current epidemiological data and healthcare system assessment and existing obstacles to effective treatment and potential future developments. A literature search identified key studies on prevalence, risk factors, workforce, and innovations. The population screening results shows that CKD prevalence ranges from 4.76% to 13.8% with diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy as the main causes. Although nephrologist density reaches approximately 39 doctors per million residents in certain areas, both regional disparities and workforce training deficits remain active issues. The system faces multiple difficulties which include delayed patient referrals, inadequate use of home treatment options, financial constraints and variable patient access to transplantation procedures and advanced diagnostic methods. The field of medicine will experience major changes through new developments which include fresh biomarkers and artificial intelligence (AI)-based risk assessment tools and telemedicine and personalized medical solutions. The implementation of prevention measures along with early detection programs and multidisciplinary treatment methods and digital health solutions will help achieve sustainable and fair kidney care. The review presents specific steps which will help decrease disease rates and death rates and financial costs while advancing the health transformation objectives established in Vision 2030.