The effect of a reflexology-based insole on the management of constipation in palliative care patients: a randomized...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a reflexology-based constipation insole on constipation management, stool characteristics, and general comfort levels in patients receiving palliative care.

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted among palliative care patients with constipation. During the first week, no intervention was applied to either group, and baseline bowel habits were assessed. From the second week onward, patients in the intervention group walked on a constipation insole for 20 min daily over a four-week period, while the control group performed walking only for the same duration. Data were collected using the Patient Identification Form and the General Comfort Questionnaire at baseline. The Constipation Assessment Scale was administered every three days, the Constipation Severity Scale was completed daily, and the Bristol Stool Form Scale was used following each defecation episode throughout the intervention period. The General Comfort Questionnaire was re-administered on day 28.

The findings demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in constipation severity among patients using the constipation insole compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant improvements in stool form were observed in the intervention group (p < 0.01). General comfort levels increased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention period (p < 0.01).

These results suggest that reflexology-based constipation insoles may serve as an effective complementary nursing intervention for constipation management in individuals receiving palliative care. The insole offers a practical, low-cost, and accessible approach that can be easily integrated into routine palliative care practice to improve symptom control and patient comfort.