This study aims to assess the self-reported mental health among Ottawa’s French-speaking Black community in Canada by identifying associated sociodemographic factors, with the goal of informing public health interventions. Our study draws on three theoretical frameworks: public mental health, psychosocial determinants of health, and intersectionality. These frameworks allow us to examine how social determinants and social identities influence mental health status and access to services among Francophone Black individuals living in a linguistic minority context in Ottawa.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted among adults (≥18 years) who identify as members of the Black Francophone community and reside in Ottawa. Data were collected between June 2023 and December 2024 using an online questionnaire. Sociodemographic variables, self-reported mental health status, and perceptions of healthcare needs and access were assessed. Analyses included descriptive statistics and intergroup comparisons.

A total of 126 Black French-speaking individuals in Ottawa completed the questionnaire. Of these, 40.6% reported poor self-perceived mental health. Participants with poor mental health were predominantly women (76.9%), young adults (43.6% aged 18–19; 41.0% aged 20–29) and single individuals (70.6%). Perceived stress varied significantly according to mental health status (p < 0.0001), with those reporting poorer mental health more frequently reporting high or extreme stress.

The results highlight significant disparities in mental health and perceived stress within this population, reflecting the influence of intersecting social and demographic factors. These findings underscore the need to consider relevant cultural and linguistic determinants when addressing mental health inequalities.

These findings demonstrate the urgent need to adapt public health policies and interventions to the cultural and linguistic realities of this population. Such an approach is essential to ensure equitable access to mental health care.