Graphene-Oxide-Based Organic Solvent Filtration Membranes: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Graphene-based membranes can be promising platforms for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) due to their unique two-dimensional nanochannels, chemical robustness, and tunable transport pathways. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) and nanoporous graphene architectures offer opportunities to overcome permeability/selectivity trade-off through controlled interlayer spacing, engineered nanopores, and tailored solvent-membrane interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in multilayer graphene-based OSN membranes, focusing on synthesis strategies, transport mechanisms, and structural engineering approaches that enable high-performance separation. We discuss the synergistic roles of nanopore-mediated through-plane transport and confined interlayer diffusion, highlighting how solvent affinity, swelling behavior, and interfacial slip collectively determine separation performance. Recent progress in pore structure refinement, interlayer regulation, nanosheet orientation control, and aspect-ratio control is summarized to provide key design principles for achieving ultrafast permeance while maintaining sharp molecular separation. Beyond material design, emerging industrial applications, including purification, concentration, solvent exchange, pharmaceutical processing, electronic-grade solvent polishing, and organic solvent reverse osmosis, are broadly discussed. Finally, we checked remaining challenges toward scale-up and commercialization, including stability under harsh solvents, module compatibility, and realistic performance evaluation.