[Applications and advances of single-cell omics technologies in hematopoietic stem cell research]

Stem cells, as a class of cells possessing self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential, exhibit functional diversity influenced by both intrinsic regulatory networks and external microenvironments. Traditional population-level research methods struggle to precisely resolve cellular heterogeneity, thereby limiting in-depth understanding of stem cell biology. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell analysis technologies have opened new avenues for detailed observation at the cellular level. This review focuses on hematopoietic stem cells as a primary example, summarizing the principles and advancements of single-cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, spatialomics, and multi-omics integration analysis. It explores their applications in revealing stem cell heterogeneity, differentiation pathways, and state regulation mechanisms, while also outlining future directions for single-cell technologies in stem cell research.