Liquid Metal/Ecoflex Composite Films with Programmable Textures for Robust Multispectral Camouflage and Advanced...

Materials with dynamically tunable infrared (IR) radiation characteristics are pivotal for the advancement of adaptive camouflage technologies. However, most existing tunable materials suffer from a monochromatic visible appearance and spatially uniform IR signatures, leading to a conspicuous mismatch with complex, textured backgrounds that often results in target exposure. Herein, we demonstrate multispectral, tunable-emissivity composite film based on liquid metal (LM) microparticles embedded within an Ecoflex matrix. Mechanical strain induces the reversible morphological reconstruction of the LM particles, which modulates the synergistic effects of infrared scattering, reflection, and absorption. This mechanism enables continuous and wide-range control of radiative characteristics, achieving an integrated emissivity tuning range of 0.26-0.81 under 600% equiaxial strain. By integrating patterned screen-printing with silicone-based pigments, we impart customizable visible coloration and IR textural heterogeneities to the film without compromising its dynamic radiative responsiveness. Outdoor experiments confirm that the composite film achieves seamless multispectral blending with diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, the composite film enables decoupled information encryption across visible and infrared bands, significantly broadening its potential for next-generation stealth, secure communication, and intelligent thermal management.