Enzymatic cross-linking chemical modification and ultrasound to improve the structural and functional properties of
Jiaxin Guo1, Qinggang Xie2, Yilin Sun1
1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
Abstract:
Soy protein isolate (SPI) is widely used as a plant protein ingredient. This study modified SPI by ultrasound-assisted laccase treatment (U + La; 150, 300, 450, and 600 W), evaluated its functional properties, and further analyzed the related physicochemical and structural changes. SPI treated with 300 W ultrasound and laccase (UL3) showed the best overall functionality, with the highest water-holding capacity (93.39%), emulsion stability index (42.60 ± 2.24 min), and foaming capacity (169.29%). UL3 also showed a relatively small particle size (362.80 nm) and the highest absolute zeta potential (27.78 mV). Electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses indicated increased high-molecular-weight aggregates after U + La treatment. Spectroscopic and microstructural results suggested that moderate U + La treatment was associated with SPI conformational changes and a compact gel network. Overall, UL3 improved SPI model functionality and showed application potential as a modified plant protein ingredient.
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