Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 4, 2026
Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair
Published on: December 23, 2022
Turkish version of the Carolinas comfort scale: Validation and long-term clinical outcomes after mesh-based inguinal
Alisina Bulut1, Doğuş Can Ekdal2, Ömer Faruk Acar1
1Department of General Surgery, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Objective:
Mesh-based inguinal hernia repair has reduced recurrence rates; however, long-term postoperative symptoms remain clinically relevant. The Carolinas comfort scale (CCS) is a disease-specific tool developed to assess these outcomes. This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the CCS and evaluate long-term quality of life.
Material And Methods:
The CCS was translated and culturally adapted using standardized procedures. A retrospective cohort of patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair with mesh between 2018 and 2020 was analyzed. Reliability, validity, and factor structure were evaluated using established statistical methods.
Results:
A total of 85 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 79 months. The Turkish CCS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.952), strong convergent validity with VAS (ρ=0.952, p<0.001), and significant discriminative validity for chronic pain (p<0.001). The recurrence and chronic pain rates were 10.6% and 35.3%, respectively.
Conclusion:
The Turkish version of the CCS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing long-term outcomes after mesh-based inguinal hernia repair and can be used in both clinical practice and research.
