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Evolution in arid environments: the role of betalains, succulence, and medullary bundles

Tom Carruthers1, Samuel F Brockington2, Hiroshi A Maeda3

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

The New Phytologist
|September 3, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Caryophyllalesbetalainsdroughtfossilsphylogeneticssucculence

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