[Congenital syphilis with nephrotic syndrome]

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Immunopathology

Background:

• Congenital syphilis is a serious maternal infection transmitted to the fetus.
• Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia.
• Immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis is a potential complication of various infections.

Observation:

• A neonate presented with clinical and biopsy-proven nephrotic syndrome.
• Renal biopsy revealed glomerulopathy with epithelial cell proliferation.
• Electron microscopy identified subepithelial electron-dense deposits.

Findings:

• Immunofluorescence confirmed granular deposition of IgG, IgM, and fibrin in glomeruli.
• These findings are characteristic of immune complex deposition.
• The patient's condition was diagnosed as congenital syphilis-associated nephrotic syndrome.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering congenital syphilis in infants with nephrotic syndrome.
• Penicillin therapy and supportive care led to complete renal recovery.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in congenital syphilis with renal involvement.