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Updated: Sep 5, 2026

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
Published on: July 28, 2023
Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: Emerging insights from the gut microbiome
Yevedzo Ntuli1, Maria Nehme Ibrahimi1, Victoria Tatiana Kronsten1
1Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London.
Abstract:
Hepatic encephalopathy remains an underserved complication of chronic liver disease. Reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers linked to disease pathophysiology are currently lacking, as are options for treatment that reduce mortality beyond lactulose and rifaximin. However, with the advent of high-throughput sequencing and multi-omics techniques to interrogate microbial taxonomy and metabolic pathways, our understanding of the gut-liver-brain-axis has moved beyond the ammonia-inflammation hypothesis. This review summarises recent studies that have aimed to characterise the role of the gut-liver-brain axis in hepatic encephalopathy and how this can be leveraged to create novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agents.
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