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Composition and Properties of Aquafaba: Water Recovered from Commercially Canned Chickpeas
Published on: February 10, 2018
Textural and rheological insights into structuring behavior of high moisture meat analogues from chickpea and soy
1Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; DST INSPIRE Faculty, Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-Kashmir, 190025, India.
Abstract:
High moisture meat analogues (HMMAs) were produced by twin screw extrusion of chickpea (CPI) and soy (SPI) protein isolates at 60% moisture, 140 °C of maximum barrel temperature, and 300 rpm of screw speed. Rheological analysis (temperature, oscillation and frequency sweeps) was performed on formulations to obtain process-relevant rheological insights under controlled hydrated and thermal conditions. The textural properties of the HMMA were studied through textural profile analysis, cutting strengths (longitudinal/transversal), anisotropy index, and tensile testing. SPI blends showed higher elastic and viscous responses, along with higher complex viscosity in comparison to CPI. This was reflected in control CPI based HMMAs showing softer texture in terms of lower hardness (-38%), chewiness index (-37%), gumminess (-37%), cutting strengths (-61% longitudinal; -58% transversal), tensile strength (-66%), and peak tensile force (-66%) in comparison to SPI-based HMMAs. FTIR (amide I) deconvolution indicated extrusion-induced unfolding, with α-helix decreasing while β-sheets remained comparatively stable. Overall, heat and shear could be associated with denaturation of the proteins which might then reorganize into layered anisotropic lamellae with CPI producing softer meat-like extrudates than SPI, supporting CPI as a feasible HMMA ingredient.
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