Liquid Metal Molecular Medicine

Biomolecules are central to disease onset, diagnosis, and treatment, yet materials capable of actively interacting with biological targets remain limited. Gallium-based liquid metals and their derivative composites possess a metallic liquid core, a dynamic oxide interface, and releasable metal species, which support diverse molecular interactions and regulatory processes. However, current advances remain scattered across different biomedical applications and are often discussed mainly from a materials perspective. Here, we propose liquid metal molecular medicine (LMMM) as an interdisciplinary framework that connects liquid-metal active components and molecular mechanisms with biomedical functions. This Review outlines the mechanistic basis of LMMM and organizes current research into eight subfields: molecular diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, nucleic-acid regulation and prospects, antibiosis, immunology, enzymology, cell repair, and regenerative medicine. By interpreting these applications from the perspective of molecular interactions, LMMM complements existing application-centered reviews and highlights the distinctive role of liquid metals as active molecular interfaces. Key scientific and translational challenges are also discussed.