Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 7, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
Published on: June 30, 2020
Serious warning - The impact of climate warming on forest water conditions in Eastern Poland in hydrological year
Andrzej Boczoń1, Michał Wróbel1, Anna Kowalska1
1Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, 3 Braci Leśnej Street, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland.
Abstract:
In 2024, record high air temperatures were observed in Central and Eastern Europe. Combined with unfavorable precipitation conditions, this caused serious disturbances in forest water resources, which occurred mainly in 2025. These disturbances affected both groundwater and surface water. Groundwater levels reached their lowest points in all forest habitats (fresh, moist, and swampy), indicating a shift in moisture type by one class and reduced water availability for the tree stands. Surface waters in small catchments did not experience any peaks or inundation throughout 2025. In particular, the absence of spring floods severely limited the water supply to riparian habitats. Surface runoff also decreased to about 15% of normal levels. This led to the drying up of significant sections of watercourses, transforming them into intermittent watercourses, and to a substantial reduction in the supply of water to reservoirs on watercourses, resulting in a marked decrease in the amount of water retained and, in some cases, even their complete drying up. Extraordinary phenomena in 2024-2025 may become normal in Eastern Poland in the future.
Related Concept Videos
What is Climate?
Global Climate Change
What is Weather?
Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
Responses to Drought and Flooding
Threats to Biodiversity

