Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 7, 2026
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Published on: December 10, 2013
Clinical Impact of Acute Respiratory Virus Infections in Nursing Home Residents
Lisa M Kolodziej1, Laura C Grootegoed1, Menno D de Jong2
1Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Objectives:
To investigate the suspected acute respiratory infection (ARI) risk and the clinical impact of a range of respiratory viruses in Dutch nursing home (NH) residents.
Design:
Prospective cohort study (March 2023-May 2025).
Setting And Participants:
Residents from 15 Dutch NHs were enrolled when suspected of an ARI.
Methods:
Clinical data were collected on days 0, 14, and 28. Residual nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for a broad respiratory virus panel. A Bayesian multilevel logistic model including seasonal and NH-level random effects estimated suspected ARI risk. Relative clinical outcomes were compared by virus.
Results:
Among 3195 residents, 526 suspected ARI episodes occurred. The estimated suspected ARI risk was 10.2% (95% credible interval, 1.7-43.8). Viruses were identified in 291 episodes: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 29.0%), influenza A virus (23.6%), rhinovirus/enterovirus (18.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (11.8%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV; 6.4%), parainfluenza viruses (5.1%), and human coronaviruses (5.4%). hMPV and respiratory syncytial virus tended to be associated with higher odds of moderate or severe disease, and hMPV was linked to a 4-fold increase in bed hours. Influenza A was associated with delayed recovery, oxygen requirement, and a 3-fold risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 cases had higher estimated odds of recovery by day 14 and spent fewer additional hours in bed during ARI episodes.
Conclusions And Implications:
Influenza remains a major contributor to ARI burden in NH residents, whereas SARS-CoV-2 has relatively limited impact. The pronounced clinical impact of hMPV suggests its relevance for ARI management in this population.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
01:29Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
01:29Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-I
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-II
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...